An eraser or rubber is used for removing pencil and sometimes pen writings. Erasers have a rubbery consistency, and they are often white, brown or pink although with modern materials they can be of any color. Many pencils are equipped with an eraser on one end. Typical erasers are made of rubber, but more expensive or specialized erasers can also contain vinyl, plastic, or gum-like materials.
Types of Erasers
- Plastic Erasers:Plastic erasers work well removing unwanted marks from drawings on Mylar. Moisten the eraser slightly before using to increase the drag on the drawing surface.This eraser leaves no residue
- Art Gum:Art gum eraser is made of soft, coarse rubber. It is especially suited to removing large areas, and does not damage the paper. As gum erasers tend to crumble as they are used, this type leaves a lot of eraser residue, however, and is not very precise. Many artists use a broad brush to sweep away the loose eraser residue. Art gum erasers are commonly tan or brown.
- Kneaded Erasers:Kneaded erasers bring out the highlights in a drawing and clean a drawing surface. They work by absorbing graphite particles. Absorption increases by kneading the eraser in your hand. Generally, it leaves no residue unless it is too old and/or too full of absorbed particles. If this eraser becomes overly warm, the substance may break down, leaving a stain on the drawing surface.
Paper is by far the most common notebook material, but itself comes in many varieties distinguished by color, opacity, brightness, porosity, stiffness, thickness, strength, and archival characteristics. Other materials may include vellum and various transparent, easily erasable, or highly durable polymeric materials.
Form Factor
The overall size of a notebook is one of the biggest determinants of how it can be used. The main issue is transportability. Some typical notebook form factors are "pocket size", pocket-book size, executive size, briefcase size, and portfolio size. Another issue is whether the notebook is likely to cause damage, as by sharp edges and corners, or discomfort as by excessive rigidity.
Binding and Cover
Principal types of binding are padding, perfect, spiral, comb, sewn, clasp, disc, and pressure, some of which can be combined. Binding methods can affect whether a notebook can lie flat when open and whether the pages are likely to remain attached. The cover material is usually distinct from the writing surface material, more durable, more decorative, and more firmly attached. It also is stiffer than the leaves, even taken together. Cover materials should not contribute to damage or discomfort.
It is frequently cheaper to purchase notebooks that are spiral-bound, meaning that a spiral of wire is looped through large perforations at the top or side of the page. Other bound notebooks are available that use glue to hold the pages together; this process is commonly referred to as "padding". [1] Today it is common for pages in such notebooks to include a thin line of perforations that make it easier to tear out the page. Spiral-bound pages can be torn out but frequently leave thin scraggly strips from the small amount of paper that is within the spiral, as well as an uneven rip along the top of the torn-out page. Moleskine notebooks include a sewn spine that allows it to lie flat.
Variations of notebooks that allow pages to be added, removed, and replaced are bound by either rings, rods, or discs. In each of these systems the pages are modified with perforations that facilitate the specific binding mechanism's ability to secure them. Ring-bound and rod-bound notebooks secure their contents by threading perforated pages around straight or curved prongs. In the open position, the pages can be removed and re-arranged. In the closed position, the pages are kept in order. Disc-bound notebooks remove the open or closed operation by modifying the pages themselves. A page perforated for a disc-bound binding system contains a row of teeth along the side edge of the page that grip onto the outside raised perimeter of individual discs. Pages can be added or removed at any time by peeling the perforations away from each disc.
Other Types of Eraser
- Malleable Rubber
- Caoutchouc Rubber
- Rubber Holder Pencil
- Erasing Electric Machine
- Corrective Liquid
- Apsara
- Natraj
- Feber castel
- Camlin
- Kores (india) Ltd.